中国瓷器

瓷器和陶瓷制品是一种艺术形式,在中国已经发展了一万一千多年;这在一定程度上是因为该地区拥有丰富的必要原材料。上述陶瓷并非简单地由陶罐组成,而是由各种实体组成;这些物品范围从建筑材料到简单的陶器,甚至是为朝廷提供的渊博的瓷器商品。

根据中国人的说法,瓷器是一种独特的陶瓷。它不同于陶器和石器,因为它的烧制温度高于前者和后者。最早的中国字典将瓷器定义为“精细、紧凑的陶器”。目前,瓷器有两种不同的制造工艺:北方和南方。这些方法在生产陶瓷的可用原料上有所不同。中国瓷器的特色材料是高岭土,一种粘土矿物高岭石的衍生物;陶石,是分解的长石;长石;和石英。

鉴于瓷器缺乏一个直接的定义,因此将其起源确定为一个特定的时期是有问题的。迄今为止发现的最早的中国陶瓷碎片可以追溯到大约公元前9000年。它们是由堆积成圈的粘土和在篝火中燃烧而成的。在这个早期阶段,粗糙风格的陶器通常用于日常使用;更薄、更精细的陶器也用于特殊场合或仪式。许多专家认为第一件真正的瓷器直到公元前202年才在浙江地区制造出来。这一时期被认为是瓷器工业的基础,因为浙江省是第一个拥有大量可用建筑材料的地区。近200年后,中国人开始为不同的用途制作低烧和高烧陶瓷;这些还不完全清楚。在这个时候,他们第一次能够生产几乎像玻璃一样半透明的粘土制品。 In the one-thousand years that followed, the Chinese bore witness to an astounding period of innovation in regards to ceramic manufacture. They began experimenting with new designs and shapes, as well as becoming more open toward foreign structures. It is perhaps for this reason that the period shifted into a market economy, thus exporting porcelain around the world.

纵观历史,中国瓷器有十种表现形式。第一个是三色,意思是三种颜色。三彩是在高岭土丰富的北方形成的。三彩瓷因其绿色、黄色和白色的釉面,通常被称为“鸡蛋和菠菜”。随后,建茶器从地底深处出现。这种陶器由富含铁的粘土制成,与数千件其他陶器一起在大窑中烧制而成。剑的釉面通常是黑色的,因为据当时的居民说,茶在黑色的杯子里看起来最好。鼎器是中国瓷器的另一种形式。它是940年以后中国北方生产的最好的瓷器,也是第一个正式进入皇宫供皇家使用的瓷器。它通常是白色的玻璃,具有极简主义的设计主题,通常只包括一张邮票。 Ru ware was another type of porcelain created for imperial use. The glaze used on Ru ware has small amounts of iron in it, which oxidize and turn green when fired at the kiln. This glaze cools and contracts faster than the pottery itself, thus causing crackles or “crazing” to appear. Another style of northern porcelain was Jun ware. It was epitomized by a thicker body than Ding or Ru ware. The pottery was covered with a thick, purple and turquoise glaze. Guan, meaning official, is the collective term employed to describe pottery that was used for imperial purposes.

下一种中国瓷器被称为“哥”,意思是“大哥”,这是一个关于瓷器起源的传说。一个常见的神话说,两兄弟互相竞争,以创造更好的陶器。弟弟制作典型的关器,而哥哥在自己的私人窑里制作类似的,但据说更好的瓷器。葛器与关相对来说没有什么区别;然而,陶瓷有两种不同的类型。其中一个品种有黄色釉面和两组裂纹,而另一个类型有灰色釉面和只有一组裂纹。青白是中国南方最早的著名商品之一。这个词在中文里的字面意思是清澈的蓝白色,指的是釉料产生的青蓝色。然而,上述所有种类的中国瓷器对我们很多人来说都不熟悉。第二种瓷器是。 This type of Chinese porcelain is commonly known as blue and white porcelain, and is the variety that China has come to be known for. These blue and white wares are glazed in a transparent mixture that allows the underlying blue decoration to show through. Only three complete pieces of this variety are known to exist, but hundreds of shards have been found. The final variety of Chinese porcelain is known as Blanc de Chine. It is a type of white porcelain that was commonly formed into figurines, boxes, vases, jars, cups and bowls, flowerpots, lamps, and teapots. Blanc de Chine is still produced today in factories; these production facilities make figurines and tableware in many modern designs.